October 15, 2002

                                        Exam Review -
                        Enlightenment and French Revolution

1. What general ideas did the social and political philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries believe in?

2. According to Thomas Hobbes what motivates human behavior?

3. Why did Hobbes say men enter into a "social contract" with government?

4. How did John Locke's views of man challenge the concept of absolute monarchy?

5. Why did Locke say people enter into a "social contract" with government?

6. According to Locke what should people do, if government fails to protect its liberties?

7. What did Locke say about the influence of education on the development of an individual?

8. How did Rousseau's ideas on education differ from Locke's ideas on education?

9. Did the French philosophes believe in democracy?

10. Why was France ripe for revolution in 1789?

11. How did Louis XlV of France gain absolute power?

12. How did the reign of Louis XlV harm France financially?

13. What were some of the abuses of the "Old Regime" of France before the revolution?

14. Why did Louis XVl call together the Estates General in May, 1789?

15. Why did the Third Estate object to the traditional voting procedures of the Estates-General?

16. How did the Third Estate win in its efforts to establish a National Assembly - and having all three estates voting together?

17. Why did the people of Paris arm themselves and storm the Bastille on July 14, 1789?

18. What was the "Great Fear" of 1789?

19. After the "Great Fear," what reforms did the National Assembly enact?

20. Why did National Assembly issue the Declaration of the Rights of Man, in August, 1789?

21. What reforms did the National Assembly put through by 1791?

22. How did the English conservative political thinker - Edmund Burke - react to the French Revolution?

23. Why were the workers of France and the small shop-keepers dissatisfied with the Constitutional phase of the French Revolution (1789-1791)?

24. How did Louis XVl lose the support of most of the French people?

25. Why did Austria and Prussia invade France in 1792?

26. When is it believed the second phase or radical phase of the French Revolution began?

27. Why was the Committee of Public Safety formed?

28. Why did Maximillian Robespierre institute a "Reign of Terror" in France in 1793 and 1794?

29. How did the "Reign of Terror" come to an end?

30. How did the government of France change after Robespierre's death?

31. Why did the French turn to Napoleon - after all their struggles to create a republic and democracy?

32. How did Napoleon take over the French government?

33. How did Napoleon gain the support of different social groups in France?

34. Why do you think Napoleon tried to conquer all of Europe?

35. Why did Napoleon fail in his effort to conquer Europe?

36. Did Napoleon carry out or destroy the ideals of the French Revolution?

37. How are the English and French Revolutions similar? How are they different?

38. How are the American and French Revolutions similar? How are they different?

                                                                                 Tuesday, October 15, 2002

                                           GH3 - Exam Review
                                           American Revolution

1. Why did the 13 English colonies revolt against England's rule of them?

2. How did Parliament apply mercantilist policies to colonial trade?

3. What was the reaction of the American colonists to the Navigation Acts?

4. What was the outcome of the French and Indian War?

5. How did Pontiac's War affect relations between Britain and the American colonies?

6. What steps did Grenville take to improve Britain's financial situation?

7. What were the Townshend Acts?  Why did the colonists object to them?

8. What were the Intolerable Acts?

9. What caused the outbreak of fighting in Massachusetts in 1775?

10. What convinced Americans that independence was the best solution to their problems with Britain?

11. What were the main points of the Declaration of Independence?

12. What problems id the American patriots face at the beginning of the revolution?

13. What advantages did the Americans have over the British?

14. Why was the Battle of Saratoga a "turning point" in the Revolutionary War?

15. What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1783)?

16. What plan of government was set up by the Second Continental Congress?

17. What problems did the new nation face during the 1780's?

18. What kind of government was created by the Constitution?

19. Why did the anti-federalists oppose the Constitution?

20. How were these fears put to rest?